Zika virus is a mosquito-borne virus and can spread to humans via bites by infected vec- tors or through sexual contact with infectious humans. Various protective and control mea- sures such as the use of insecticide-treated nets, condoms, indoor residual spraying and medical treatment of infected humans may mitigate the infection. In this paper, we formu- late and analyze a mathematical model that incorporates these comprehensive interven- tions to study the impact of mosquito-to-human and sexual transmission on the disease dynamics. We obtain the basic reproduction number, study when the disease dies out, and investigate the sensitivity of the basic reproduction number on each control. Numerical re- sults suggest that vector transmission contributes more to the basic reproduction number than sexual transmission. We also formulate the optimal control problem and obtain the necessary conditions that minimize the population of infected individuals and the associ- ated costs. Using the cost effectiveness analysis, we show that a combination of condom use and medical treatment of infected people provides the most cost-effective strategy to control the disease.
(Xia Wang, Mingwang Shen, Yanni Xiao, Libin Rong, Optimal control and cost-effectiveness analysis of a Zika virus infection model with comprehensive interventions,Applied Mathematics and Computation, 359,165–185, 2019.）